Ancient Summeria essays

Antiquated Summeria expositions During the hour of antiquated Egypt there lived numerous civic establishments like the Egyptians. One of them being the Sumerians. This human progress lived in Western Asia in a spot called Sumer. The individuals of Sumer had achieved numerous things, for example, composing, a type of religion, and design. The sort of composing the Sumerians utilized was called Cuneiform significance wedged cuneus. Cuneiform, similar to hieroglyphics was comprised of images and markings. In contrast to the Egyptians however, the Sumerians didnt use papyrus to record their composing since papyrus didn't develop in their condition. Rather they utilized sharp sticks called pointer to make their markings on delicate earth, which would then dry. This technique had its focal points in light of the fact that the composing would last more and perpetual. Like the Egyptians the Sumerians put stock in polytheism, the faith in numerous divine beings. These divine beings looked like people and like people, Sumerians accepted that the divine beings at one point experienced human feelings: love, desire, scorn, outrage and lament. They accepted that the divine beings thought their greatest lament was the making of human life. As a discipline these divine beings would send floods, which would pulverize the Sumerians crops. Since the divine beings were flighty the Sumerians made soothsaying, which helped them foresee what moves the divine beings, were going to make straightaway. Sumerians didn't have confidence in discipline or compensation after death like the Egyptians did they accepted that they Would live in a shadowy under world. The Sumerians had structures of love called ziggurats. Ziggurats looked like Egyptian pyramids however were not used to burry individuals. A ziggurat where worked in layer and on the tope layer there was a sparkle in which the individuals of the human advancement went to adore the god that they had faith in. On these ziggurats there were artistic creations of tales about the divine beings themselves. The Sumerians may have been attempting to manufacture an extension among paradise and earth (Eimen and Rober... <!

Shakespeare`s Poems Essays - Sonnet 1, Lord Byron,

Shakespeare's Poems Time has seen an endless measure of excellence in its long presence. Nature has delivered such a significant number of great scenes and articles that we can't gather everything even in one life. We ourselves are managers of such excellence and interest that writers and different journalists have caught our quintessence in writing. Regardless of whether it's excellence that is shallow or the excellence of a face that makes you take a second look, what draws in us is not generally what pulls in your neighbor. Shakespeare's, My Mistress' Eyes Are Nothing Like the Sun, and Lord Byron's, She Walks in Beauty, are the encapsulation of what people long for. Albeit distinctive in their translations of magnificence, they maintain the significance of excellence, and the which means of affection. In Shakespeare's My Mistress' Eyes are Nothing similar to the Sun, magnificence is unquestionably quite shallow. Shakespeare's depiction of his love is a cursed thing to the quintessential lady each man desires for. He portrays her as having, dark wires develop on her head (Mistress line 4), rather than the lovely, long dark hair that most men would kick the bucket for. Shakespeare additionally states, I love to hear her talk, yet well I realize That music hath far an additionally satisfying sound (Mistress line 9-10). The subject in this poem is well past bizarre, and her voice is to be thought as a plague on the ears. Be that as it may, what she needs to state to him and the manner in which she say's, I Love You resembles music in Shakespeare's ears and his heart. Regardless of how ugly she is to him or to any other person, just he knows her actual excellence, and that lies somewhere inside her. Excellence isn't only a word, nor is it only an appearance to Shakespeare in this piece. Excellence is something that has as of now been accomplished by somebody who is looking frantically to discover it - that somebody being the lady. She appears somebody what shakespeare's identity is very near and not simply some tramp he pulled off the road. To have the option to expound on somebody along these lines, one would need to know the inward considerations and sentiments of that somebody. Shakespeare, despite the fact that in an odd manner, poured her feelings, also as his own, into this dumbfounding portrayal of what love ought to be. To Shakespeare, what you see isn't generally what you need, yet what you know could be all you at any point sought after. One of the most excellent love sonnets at any point composed, She Walks in Beauty, is a drawn out depiction of excellence and the affection for such excellence. Ruler Byron portrays this saintly animal as blameless, unequivocal, furthermore, immaculate inside and out, shape and structure. He doesn't state, be that as it may, that he cherishes her. In the event that there is any trace of adoration whatsoever, it is for her outside appearance to the world. This could have been a delicate more unusual he saw sitting in a bar, or on the other hand just somebody he had made up. At any rate, Lord Byron's portrayal of this strange lady is one of extraordinary appreciation and desire. The peruser doesn't learn anything else of her, nothing about her character or her mind. Byron will in general skip these fairly incredulous subtleties maybe on the grounds that she was a terrible individual. She may have been condescending and bombastic, and may have let no man close to her that needed more cash to help her. Of course, she may have been the nearby whore whose ethics were as low as her calling. Anyway one would take a gander at her, anyway one would need to portray her, she was so delicate, so quiet, yet articulate (Beauty line 14) and ,,,all that is best of dull and brilliant (Beauty line 3). Magnificence is entirely subjective, to coin the well over-utilized expression. William Shakespeare and Lord Byron, two of the most prestigious artists ever, both held excellence at exclusive expectations. Despite the fact that extraordinary, the two creators communicated an incredible love for what one can see and for what one can know. For Byron, it appeared that what you see is the thing that you get. That excellence is a lady who can turn the leader of each man as she strolls down a road, or then again a lady who can make time stop when she goes into a room. Byron's dream was each man's dream, and his words drew an image of brilliance and flawlessness. For Shakespeare, then again, what you see isn't what you get, however what you know is

Developing Ears for Travel

Developing Ears for Travel There are three things I hate: large crowds, public speaking, and extensive travel. And yet I find myself on tour once again. In fact, this year’s Less Is Now Tour is our eighth tour in the seven years since Ryan and I started TheMinimalists.com. From Seattle to San Diego, Pittsburgh to Portland, Vermont to Vancouver, we’re traveling to 40 cities this year to talk about living a meaningful life with less. There comes a time, whenever we’re on the road, that I begin to ask myself, “Why in the hell am I doing this again?” Which I should probably ask myself before embarking on another multi-month jaunt around North America. But the initial excitement of planning, coupled with the perceived glamour of exploration, always seems to erase the question. At least for a while. At some point, though, often while we’re parked at a rest stop surrounded by a sea of Midwestern cornfields, that question interrupts my waning excitement, and I begin to wonder what I’ve gotten myself into. That’s when the self-doubt creeps in: Another crowd this evening? Two more hours of talking tonight? Three hundred miles till our next city? Yikes! It’s not that I actually hate people, speaking, or travel. Rather, these things make me uncomfortable. So my answer to my internal why am I doing this? dialogue is simple: I go on tour not only to share our message of simple and intentional living, but also to embrace discomfort. In the modern Western world, once our basic needs are met, we have the means to cocoon ourselves in perpetual comfort. Swaddled by air conditioning, technology, and consumer goods, we ease into a daily life that is rich in luxurious niceties, but lacks the rigor required for sustained growth. And without growth, our lives lack meaning, purpose, and passion. It’s no wonder most people feel discontented today: we’re vessels of anxiety, stress, and debt, camouflaged by consumerism. So, despite my innate desire to stay home and bubblewrap my life, I hit the road, interact with other humans, and face the terror of public speaking in every city we visit. Each night, we meet people from various walks of life: from factory workers to executives, high school dropouts to college professors, monks to hoarders. Whether they’re young or old, rich or poor, black or white, they all ask the same fundamental questions: How do I live a meaningful life? What must I do to regain control? Who is the person I want to become? Sure, these questions manifest differently depending on the individual, but one thing has been made clear to me over the past seven years: we’re all different, and yet we’re all the same. We all struggle, we all fail, and we all desire to be the best version of ourselves, warts and all. Ryan and I stand on stage and present an in-depth talk at each event, but the real reason we host these events is to listen. It would be easyâ€"comfortable, evenâ€"for us to stay at home and discuss simple-living in our books, blog, and podcast. It’s much more difficult, however, to actively listen. Real listening requires letting go of expectations, preconceptions, and the desire to be the center of attentionâ€"it’s uncomfortable to do so, but it’s necessary if we want to grow. Because if we don’t listen to the world around us, it’s impossible to hear what’s going on inside us. That’s why travel is important: it forces us to confront discomfort and develop our ears to hearâ€"and ultimately attempt to understandâ€"other perspectives. In time, those perspectives better shape our own worldview. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Vampires and Vampirism Essay - 986 Words

Vampires and Vampirism Missing Works Cited The vampire of today is most commonly associated with the type that was created by Bram Stoker when Dracula was published in 1897 (Florescu and McNally 221). This popular cultural icon is described by Stoker in his novel: The teeth were strong and white, and the canine teeth protruded over the lower lip when the mouth was closed. The [vampires] hands were large and powerful, the nails black and pointed like a birds talons (qtd. in Florescu and McNally 227). However popular, the vampire-as-monster theme has not always been the primary way of employing this motif. The vampire of the English Romantics served more as symbol or as a metaphor rather than an actual character that haunted†¦show more content†¦In keeping with this tradition, Charlotte Bronte also uses the vampire element in her novel Jane Eyre. Nina Auerbach sums up popular sentiment towards vampires in literature from the mid-nineteenth century: [T]hough vampires sitting at good mens feasts repelled reviewers, these were the vampires readers responded to in the mid-nineteenth century: monsters who showed them not so much foreign lands and alien tastes as the vampirism of their own daily meals (Auerbach 33). It was thrilling to these readers to see the exotic nature of the vampire transposed onto their daily lives. However popular as a literary device in the nineteenth century, vampirism has existed from the first recordings of history. This phenomenon can probably be traced to a time when man was hunter and observed the fact that as blood drained from the body, so too did life. It was believed that by applying blood to the body or drinking it, one would obtain the essence of the person from whom the blood flowed (McNally and Florescu 144). Indeed, the importance of blood for the sake of sacrifice was, in antiquity, believed to be a universal practice. This is similar to the sacrament of Holy Communion today in that those who partake of the Holy Blood of Christ will have transferred to them a power of some sort (South 246). Vampirism has even been traced back to the Himalayan Mountains over three thousand years ago when the goddessShow MoreRelated Classic Vampirism and Recent Changes1428 Words   |  6 PagesCLASSIC VAMPIRISM AND RECENT CHANGES Change often occurs due to the simple nature of time. What once stood as a finite and steadfast definition will shift and evolve. Genres bleed into one another and mix mythologies. The realm of the supernatural in literature does not lie outside this trend. Wizards no longer call themselves Merlin and spend their days under the patronage of a heroic king; the average wizard now goes by common names like Harry or Ron and attends school, saving the world on theRead MoreThe s Portrayal Of The Vampire1371 Words   |  6 PagesVampirisms Portrayal Many years ago in Wallachia, Romania, there was a price by the name of Vlad III Tepes. This man was seen by many people of Romania as well as other parts of Europe, as a hero for his protection of the north and south Romanians in which he was later recognized and honored in his leadership. At first, he had many followers, but then they started to fade due to his practices of impaling his enemies, he was labeled â€Å"The Impeller.† His reputation started to grow in a negative wayRead MoreVampire House And Resource1728 Words   |  7 Pages The word vampire is a term which hardly hold realistic connotations. It s a word associated primarily with two things, fear and romance. The idea of a real life equivalent to a vampire is a somewhat crazy notion to persons outside the pagan, occult, and otherwise magickal* subculture. In this subculture, however, vampirism is a real thing to be embraced or defended against. Individuals who absorb energy either through psychic means or even through the consumption of small amounts of blood generallyRead MoreNo Lovers Left Alive By Jim Jarmusch872 Words   |  4 Pageshave explored vampires from Bram Stoker s Dracula to modern interpretations of the vampire mythos reflecting the historical moment of the film as well as changing ideas about what it means to be a vampire. The final film, Only Lovers Left Alive directed and written by Jim Jarmusch contributes to the vampire mythos by providing the only plot viewed that takes place long after the two became vampires and also echoes themes found in previously viewed films such as the struggle vampires have with adjustingRead MoreThe History of Vampires1397 Words   |  6 Pagesseems obsessed with vampires. From gothic vampire novels, to endless movies, television and art, the vampire archetype continues to grow in popularity and sophistication. What is behind this seeming obsession with vampires, in our western culture? Why does this archeype endure? What does the vampire have, or do, that makes him/her so attractive and compelling? When did the transformation occur, from foul miscreant to suave tragic hero? Who is the vampire - really? Vampire culture seems in starkRead MoreDracula, By Bram Stoker1039 Words   |  5 PagesMeanwhile, Stoker properly establishes the mythology of vampires to help readers appreciate, interpret and analyze the elements of vampirism more efficiently. Stoker writes his novel in such away that he can tie in present day, along with old-fashion victorian society. In his writing, Dracula, Stoker engages the reader in a mysterious story (Stoker). Stoker presents this by incorporating a shadowy appearance of Dracula, mythology and folklore of vampires, associating different era Victorian society, alongRead MoreTuberculosis As A Lethal Disease1388 Words   |  6 Pagesthe disease in those times, leading people to start to suspect that vampires were the cause of the deaths. In an effort to protect their families and community, some people resorted to old-folk remedies, rooted from Europe. They exhumed the bodies of deceased relatives who died of consumption and checked to see if they had  "fresh,† circulating, liquid blood in their hearts, which would indicate that the deceased had become a vampire. They believed that one of the relatives was not completely dead andRead MoreThe inner world is stranger than the world of Harry Potter created out of the bricks1300 Words   |  6 PagesThe inner world is stranger than the world of Harry Potter created out of the bricks of Vampirism The Gothic novel is not just an ordinary story of vampirism, it is rather a story about a very particular kind of myth that is very old, that goes back even before the ancient Greeks. In classical mythology there have been always stories about exotic lands inhabited by exotic creatures, there have been always a fascination with constructing images of monsters male and female. In classical mythology thereRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of The Princess Bride And A Pair Of Tickets1744 Words   |  7 PagesAllison Hoeth E Rick Hutchens English 105 May 23, 2017 Three Girls and Their Quest to Find Themselves in the Face of Adversity: An Analysis of The Princess Bride, Divergent and â€Å"A Pair of Tickets† and How Vampirism and Quests make the stories what they are. Writing a story is difficult. In the stories The Princess Bride by William Goldman and â€Å"A Pair of Tickets† by Amy Tan, and the movie Divergent Directed by Neil Burger there are three very similar women who must find their path in life. In TheRead MoreVampires Impact on Literature, Movies, Ect1547 Words   |  7 Pagespeople all over the world! The three terms expressed all have one thing in common; vampires. These mythical creatures are one of the most popular horror-related figures. Vampires may be a frightening subject for most, but that does not take away from the fact of their popularity throughout. The fascination of vampires has greatly affected past, present, and future cultures all around the world. â€Å"The word vampire (or vampyre) entered the English language in 1732, according to The Oxford English

Fashion Changes Over Time - 1425 Words

Fashion Changes Over Time Many people care about fashion and how they look. As we can see lately, fashion has had a great change over the years. As the historical changes, fashion seems to show aspect changes in adapting to the new era. Even today, as years pass, fashion continues to change. Looking at fashion, even after many years had passed, people can see the different styles between today and life back then. Everyone cares about how they look and what kind of clothes they wear, it has always been an important part of our society. In history, climate and politics play a really big and important role in the fabrics that clothe are made of and people care about style and the color of the clothing. Moreover, looking for garments in†¦show more content†¦Manifestation of the pop culture is intellectual fashion and a cultural trend fashion of genre of art. The manner of fashion changes and it s newness everyday, mouths and even years. Fashion is an incidental product made in the manufacture of leisure society that has gone beyond the range of many basic human struggles in a lower level of the ranking is needed. â€Å"The years between 1890 and 1919 were pivotal ones for the American beauty business. The women took the first steps toward freeing themselves from restrictive garments.† (Dorothy Thomas Hoobler) Because back then women couldn’t work, they didn’t know what to wear when they started to work. Women’s clothes were practicing for a workplace; however, they have to still look cute and fashionable, so they would wear dresses, shirtwaist and skirts. Back then, in the 1700s, women look at the fashion in the magazines and they learn about the latest trends of fashion. The Artists who are in courts of royal took informed of the fashion choices of the ruling class, and these fashion choices were transmitted to handicaps all over the country who were able to afford to emulate this fashi on. With free time to wonder about the meaning lives and all the ways in which it is possible for humans to express the inner thoughts, wealthy citizens people began to use fashion as a form of expression that reflect on zeitgeists of time. â€Å"Mid 1790s, American women began to wear narrow, high waisted dresses, madeShow MoreRelatedFashion Changes Over Time Of Fashion1269 Words   |  6 PagesFashion Changes Over Time Fashion has changed a great deal over the past years. As history changes it seems that fashion in some aspect changes with it to adapt to the era. Even today fashion continues to change as the years go on. Looking at fashion even 20 years ago we can see a difference from what we see in our everyday lives. Clothing has always been as important part of society, with evidence from the earliest human civilizations. In history, climate, religion and political factors playedRead MoreHow Fashion Has Changed Over Time Essay924 Words   |  4 PagesCulture has Change over Time Fashion is the habitual practice of style with which a person dresses. Fashion is the aspect of Pop culture. Fashion is not just cloths, it is also shoes, jewelry and hair styles. As the thoughts of people changes, so as the trend of fashion changes over time. Fashion is an essential part of everyone’s life and an important part of society. The beautification of fashion is what explains and reflects to people who we are. Clothing has changed in many ways over the yearsRead MoreChanges In Fashion Essay1418 Words   |  6 PagesMany people care about fashion and how they look. As we can see lately, fashion has had a great change over the years. As the historical changes, fashion seems to show aspect changes in adapting to the new era. Even today, as years pass, fashion continues to change. Looking at fashion, even after many years had passed, people can see the different styles between today and life back then. Everyone cares about how they look and what kind of clothes they wear, it has always been an important part ofRead More1920s Fashion Essay1036 Words   |  5 Pages1920s Fashion In the 1920s, fashion trends were the shorter low-waisted dresses and revealing styles worn by flappers. With their short-bobbed hairstyles and cloche hats, down to scarves and stocking with bold. The 1920s fashion strikes the design era for fashion by having change in the women’s fashion. The fashion changed and characterized the women in the 1920s, as they called it the roaring twenties the women started gaining their free rights and independence. Fashion for women had a positiveRead MoreThe Fashion Of Fashion Blogs1530 Words   |  7 Pagesï ¼Ë†Introductionï ¼â€° This essay will argue that fashion blogger became one of the Fashion icons in this generation. At the beginning of the essay, I will explain the purpose of use fashion blogger as the topic; introduction of the society environment will be given as a support to identify the influence of fashion bloggers. After that fashion blogger’s historical and background will use SWOT analysis to conclude the environmen t of blogger, then I will discuss how blogger relate to fashion marketing with example. (Purpose)Read MoreHow Will Technology Impact On The Future Of Fashion Objects?1726 Words   |  7 Pagesfuture of fashion objects? Explore 2-3 examples.    Technology has become an important fashion accessory. One aspect of the impact of technology on fashion is that convenience of communication and nonstop information access has, to some extent, become a fashion statement.  People rely increasingly on computers and smartphones.   The recently released smart watches have further contributed to the fashion world and consequently to the world of technological convenience. These benefit the fashion industryRead MoreLimitations on BMI Model Bodies1084 Words   |  5 Pagesogling over the ultra skinny models on a Vogue magazine? They aren’t, most men are ogling over the centerfold of a Playboy magazine. So why do young girls and women all over the world struggle psychologically and physically to look like those models? And what effect does this have on our society? Should the use of models with a low Body Mass Index (BMI) be banned from fashion, media, and print? I will answer all of these questions and more, to support my v iew on why there should be changes placedRead More History of Fashion Essay638 Words   |  3 PagesHistory of Fashion Fashion has changed a great deal over the past three centuries. As history changes it seems that fashion in some aspect changes with it to adapt to the era. Even today fashion continues to change as the years go on. Looking at fashion even 20 years ago we can see a difference from what we see in our everyday lives. For the purpose of this essay Fashion will be divided into three centuries, since not every era of clothing can be touched upon. The first era of fashion history includesRead MoreWhat Influences The Fashion Trends?1564 Words   |  7 PagesTopic: What influences the Fashion Trends? Background/History: Every Generation generates their own style, something that distinguishes them from past generations. Just like people individually, we are all unique in our own way and have characteristics and traits that set us apart from another individual. No one wants to be someone else or no one wants to look like another which is why we initiate our own style that fits us as a whole. This is what happens in fashion. As new generations are broughtRead MoreThe Many Changes of Fashion Essay1557 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Fashion? Fashion is a general term used to describe a style of clothing or practice used by people around the world. Fashion refers to anything that is a trend. Self-presentation is the most direct noticeable marker of fashion. Throughout history we have seen many changes in clothing, from the color, to the material used to make it. We have also seen the style in which clothing is made change drastically. Fashion communicates meanings that have individual and social significan ce. Society

Eco-tourism Free Essays

Eco-tourism is more than a catch phrase for nature loving travel and recreation. Eco-tourism is consecrated for preserving and sustaining the diversity of the world’s natural and cultural environments. It accommodates and entertains visitors in a way that is minimally intrusive or destructive to the environment and sustains supports the native cultures in the locations it is operating in. We will write a custom essay sample on Eco-tourism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Responsibility of both travellers and service providers is the genuine meaning for eco-tourism. Eco-tourism also endeavours to encourage and support the diversity of local economies for which the tourism-related income is important. With support from tourists, local services and producers can compete with larger, foreign companies and local families can support themselves. Besides all these, the revenue produced from tourism helps and encourages governments to fund conservation projects and training programs. Saving the environment around you and preserving the natural luxuries and forest life, that’s what eco-tourism is all about. Whether it’s about a nature camp or organizing trekking trips towards the unspoilt and inaccessible regions, one should always keep in mind not to create any mishap or disturbance in the life cycle of nature. Eco-tourism focuses on local cultures, wilderness adventures, volunteering, personal growth and learning new ways to live on our vulnerable planet. It is typically defined as travel to destinations where the flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attractions. Responsible Eco-tourism includes programs that minimize the adverse effects of traditional tourism on the natural environment, and enhance the cultural integrity of local people. Therefore, in addition to evaluating environmental and cultural factors, initiatives by hospitality providers to promote recycling, energy efficiency, water reuse, and the creation of economic opportunities for local communities are an integral part of Eco-tourism. Historical, biological and cultural conservation, preservation, sustainable development etc. are some of the fields closely related to Eco-Tourism. Many professionals have been involved in formulating and developing eco-tourism policies. They come from the fields of Geographic Information Systems, Wildlife Management, Wildlife Photography, Marine Biology and Oceanography, National and State Park Management, Environmental Sciences, Women in Development, Historians and Archaeologists, etc. Eco-tourism is considered the fastest growing market in the tourism industry, according to the World Tourism Organization with an annual growth rate of 5% worldwide and representing 6% of the world gross domestic product, 11. 4% of all consumer spending – not a market to be taken lightly. What is Eco-tourism? Fundamentally, eco-tourism means making as little environmental impact as possible and helping to sustain the indigenous populace, thereby encouraging the preservation of wildlife and habitats when visiting a place. This is responsible form of tourism and tourism development, which encourages going back to natural products in every aspect of life. It is also the key to sustainable ecological development. The International Eco-tourism Society defines eco-tourism as â€Å"responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people. This means that those who implement and participate in Eco-tourism activities should follow the following principles: Minimize impact Build environmental and cultural awareness and respect Provide positive experiences for both visitors and hosts Provide direct financial benefits for conservation Provide financial benefits and empowerment for local people Raise sensitivity to host countries’ political, environmental, and social climate Support international human rights and labour agreements Aware of the Environment – Today the â€Å"Green Laws† of conservation are making people aware of how man and the environment can live symbiotically for more time to come and eco-tourism is the only way to maximize the economic, environmental and social benefits of tourism. Everyone is a stakeholder in the process and we clearly need to avoid our past shortcomings and negative impact that they have had. In India too the movement is gathering momentum with more and more travel and travel related organisation’s are addressing the needs of the eco-tourists and promoting eco-tourism in the country. Some basic do’s and don’ts of eco-tourism are listed below: Do’s Carry back all non-degradable litter such as empty bottles, tins, plastic bags etc. These must not litter the environment or be buried. They must be disposed in municipal dustbins only. Observe the sanctity of holy sites, temples and local cultures. Cut noise pollution. Do not blare aloud radios, tape recorders or other electronic entertainment equipment in nature resorts, sanctuaries and wildlife parks. In case temporary toilets are set-up near campsites, after defecation, cover with mud or sand. Make sure that the spot is at least 30 meters away from the water source. Respect people’s privacy while taking photographs. Ask for prior permission before taking a photograph. Don’ts Do not take away flora and fauna in the forms of cuttings, seeds or roots. It is illegal, especially in the Himalayas. The environment is really delicate in this region and the bio-diversity of the region has to be protected at all costs. Do not use pollutants such as detergent, in streams or springs while washing and bathing. Do not use wood as fuel to cook food at the campsite. Do not leave cigarettes butts or make open fires in the forests. Do not consume aerated drinks, alcohol, drugs or any other intoxicant and throw bottles in the wild. Do not tempt the locals, especially children by offering them foodstuff or sweets. Respect local traditions. Polythene and plastics are non biodegradable and unhealthy for the environment and must not be used and littered. As a traveller, you will have an impact on the environment and culture of the place you are visiting. Here are some rules of thumb to make this impact positive! Golden Rules When You Travel Learn about your destination before you get there. Read guidebooks, travel articles, histories, and/or novels by local authors and pay particular attention to customs such as greetings, appropriate dress, eating behaviours, etc. Being sensitive to these customs will increase local acceptance of you as a tourist and enrich your trip. Follow established guidelines. Ask your eco-tour operator, guide and/or the local authorities what their guidelines are for limiting tourism’s impact on the environment and local culture. Staying on trails, packing up your trash, and remaining set distances away from wildlife are a few ways to minimize your impact in sensitive areas. Seek out and support locally owned businesses. Support local businesses during your eco-travels to ensure maximum community and conservation benefit from your spending. Eco-Tourism in India is still at a very nascent stage, but there are for sure conscious efforts to save the fragile Himalayan Eco System and culture and heritage of the indigenous people, which is probably the largest concentration in the world. Holiday Camping vis a vis Hotel accommodation are gathering momentum amongst the metropolis traveller. A plethora of holiday camping options are available in the Himalayan belt, where soft adventure tourism is packaged with holiday camping to create an acceptable eco-tourism product. Resorts tucked deep inside jungles of Karnataka, House-boats of Kerala, Tree Houses at Vythiri combine to make India one of the most diverse eco-tourism destinations on the planet. How to cite Eco-tourism, Essay examples

Presidential Election 2000 Essays (1082 words) -

Presidential Election 2000 Presidential Election 2000 It is hard to believe that it will be a year since the Bush vs. Gore campaign was in it's final stages, or so we thought. The Bush vs. Gore campaign was at its climax in late October of 2000. The people of the nation were casting their votes and the two leading Candidates were neck and neck. The tension was sky high on Election Day, November 7th, 2000. Behold, we were to have a new president; well, possibly. Election experts have called ?evolution? instead of a ?revolution? in changing the way the country goes about its elections. Never in history has such controversy risen as in Election 2000: Bush vs. Gore. Election 200 has raised ?serious concerns over the integrity of the voting system. Filled with demonstrations of voting machines and oversized punch card ballots. The election was ultimately made complicated due to the counting of ballots which were now being re-counted on a local level because of what we now call ?Dimples and Chads? Dimples and Chads are funny names to be given to election ballots; but then again, what wasn't funny about this election as a whole? Election ballots are set up to be like punch-in cards. A person casts their vote and a hole is punched into a ballot where the space for the candidate is provided. It seems to be easy enough. However, that was not the case in this presidential election. For some reason, ballots went up the walls in malfunctions. These bogus ballots were given the names ?Dimples and Chads?. Dimples are the given name to ballots in which the vote seemed to be intended but were not quite punched through but sort of made to look like a ?dimple?. Chads, on the other hand, are votes in which a part of the punched vote has gone through, but the whole thing is not punched out. It is called a Chad when the vote is punched but still attached to the ballot in some way. As a result of these complications in votes, debate was brought about as which votes were going to be counted and which were not. Yet more complications of ?Pregnant Chads? added fuel to the fire. A pregnant chad is where an indentation, but not a perforation appears. Making the spot look rounded or ?pregnant?. Also, it arose to who was trying or attempting to vote for who. Thus, the debate over dimples and chads began. However, experts such as Doug Lewis, executive director of the Election Center in Houston, Texas, said we shouldn't be too alarmed. He says that the founders of the Constitution purposely designed the process to be flawed because they didn't trust in a centralized authority. He also says that a perfect election is one where none of the imperfections go into the eyes or ears of the public. He believes that ballot design and voting equipment should be re-examined and changed so that there should be more ?legal precision? about what is constituted a vote. In due course, the candidates, nor the nation were satisfied with the way things were turning out. There was debate here and controversy there, surrounded by confusion and disorganization. Thus, the vote re-counts began. Recounts of the votes began in every state necessary. People were sat down to examine and count every vote in question by hand for hours, days and weeks at a time. Bush had received 2,909,135 votes and Gore received 2,907,351 votes, a winning advantage of 1,784 for Bush. We all know those numbers would change a few more times. You would figure Bush would win victoriously win. However, Gore would not accept this outcome. His disappointment would be backed up by the misunderstanding of votes in the nation. I'm sure there must have been many recounts in several if not all states. Conversely, things did not heat up or get as difficult as they did in the state of Florida. In the end, after all the appeals introduced by Gore and all the recounts done in Florida as well as many other states. It all came down to the Electoral votes of the nation, which favored George W. Bush. Our new President was officially announced in January of 2001. All of the agonizing bickering among candidates and

Prohibition and Organized Crime essays

Prohibition and Organized Crime essays In October 1919, congress voted and approved the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment by thirty-six states and turned it into law as the National Prohibition Act of 1920 just one year later. This amendment prohibited the manufacture, sale, transport, import or export of alcoholic beverages. The Eighteenth Amendment is comprised of three main sections: 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited 2. The Congress and the several states shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several states, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the states by the Congress. So how did it happen? How did a liberty loving people decide to give up a private right that had been used by millions all over the country since the first settlers arrived? Why would they solicit the extinction of the fifth largest industry in the nation? Interestingly enough, why would the new Eighteenth Amendment be the first to restrict citizens when the first seventeen limited government? Now there were two exceptions to the great Amendments: you couldnt buy alcohol and you couldnt own slaves. 2. Prohibition changed the way people lived and in the end redefined the role of government and how it began to dictate the lives of its constituents. Big Brother is not a recent phenomenon but one that began almost one hundred years ago during the time of Prohibition. George Washington himself was quoted as saying The benefits arising from moderate ...

Solstice Celebrations

Solstice Celebrations If future archaeologists were to replay news audiotapes from the turn-of-the-21st century holidays, they would hear weekly updates on the success or failure of area merchants and editorials on how their sales figures reveal the true state of the economy. If they also had access to computer records, they might assume the legal definition of Christmas in the U.S. includes a fiscal obligation for each family to incur self-destructive debt. Is there a connection between dwindling light and conspicuous consumption? Between the end of the year and irresponsible behavior? Certainly, there is a connection between the solstice and the presence of millions of twinkling little bulbs illuminating a sky that has been dark for too long. And there is a biological connection between cold and overindulgence in food, but even if less logical, the connection between festivities and years end seems just as central to our behavior. There are many winter celebrations that antedate our placement of Christmas on December 25, three of which are described on the following pages: SaturnaliaHanukkahMithras Holiday Extravagance The festival of the Kalends is celebrated everywhere as far as the limits of the Roman Empire extend... The impulse to spend seizes everyone.... People are not only generous towards themselves, but also towards their fellow-men. A stream of presents pours itself out on all sides.... The Kalends festival banishes all that is connected with toil and allows men to give themselves up to undisturbed enjoyment. From the minds of young people, it removes two kinds of dread: the dread of the schoolmaster and the dread of the stern pedagogue.... Another great quality of the festival is that it teaches men not to hold too fast to their money, but to part with it and let it pass into other hands. Libanius, quoted in The Xmas Story Part 3 In Ancient Rome, the mythical age of Saturns kingship was a golden age of happiness for all men, without theft or servitude, and without private property. Saturn, dethroned by his son Jupiter, had joined Janus as ruler in Italy, but when his time as earthly king was up, he disappeared. â€Å"It is said that to this day He lies in a magic sleep on a secret island near Britain, and at some future time ... He will return to inaugurate another Golden Age.† Janus instituted the Saturnalia as a yearly tribute to his friend, Saturn. For mortals, the festival provided a yearly symbolic return to the Golden Age. It was an offense during this period to punish a criminal or start a war. The meal normally prepared only for the masters was prepared and served first to the slaves, and in further reversal of the normal order, it was served to the slaves by the masters. All people were equal and, because Saturn ruled before the current cosmic order, Misrule, with its lord (Saturnalia Princeps), was the order of the day. Children and adults exchanged gifts, but the adult exchange became so great a problem the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer that a law was enacted making it legal only for richer people to give them to poorer. According to Macrobius Saturnalia, the holiday was originally probably only one day, although he notes an Atellan playwright, Novius, described it as being seven days. With Caesars changing of the calendar, the number of days of the festival increased. Another festival connected with lights in the middle of winter, gift giving, and indulgent food is the 2000-year old holiday [www.ort.org/ort/hanukkah/history.htm] Hanukkah, literally, dedication, since Hanukkah is a celebration of the re-dedication of the Temple following a purification ritual. Following this re-dedication, in 164 B.C., the Maccabees were planning to relight the Temples candles, but there wasnt enough unpolluted oil to keep them burning until fresh oil could be obtained. By a miracle, the one nights worth of oil lasted eight days plenty of time for to obtain a new supply. In commemoration of this event a menorah, a 9-branched candlestick, is lit each of 8 nights (using the ninth candle), amid singing and blessings. This commemoration is Hanukkah (also spelled Hanukah or Channuka / Chanukkah). According to reader Ami Isseroff: â€Å"Channuka was originally Chag Haurim - the festival of light. This leads to the suspicion that it, too, was a solstice holiday that existed before the victory of the Maccabees, which was welded unto it.† Dateline: 12/23/97 Mithras, Mithra, Mitra Mithraism radiated from India where there is evidence of its practice from 1400 B.C. Mitra was part of the Hindu pantheon* and Mithra was, perhaps, a minor Zoroastrian deity**, the god of the airy light between heaven and earth. He was also said to have been a military general in Chinese mythology. The soldiers god, even in Rome (although the faith was embraced by male emperors, farmers, bureaucrats, merchants, and slaves, as well as soldiers), demanded a high standard of behavior, temperance, self-control, and compassion even in victory. Such virtues were sought by Christian, too. Tertullian chides his fellow Christians for unbecoming behavior: Are you not ashamed, my fellow soldiers of Christ, that you will be condemned, not by Christ, but by some soldier of Mithras? Survivals of Roman Religions p. 150 Since earliest history, the Sun has been celebrated with rituals by many cultures when it began its journey into dominance after its apparent weakness during winter. The origin of these rites, Mithrasists believe, is this proclamation at the dawn of human history by Mithras commanding His followers to observe such rites on that day to celebrate the birth of Mithras, the Invincible Sun. dies natalis solis invicti Mithraism, like Christianity, offers salvation to its adherents. Mithras was born into the world to save humanity from evil. Both figures ascended in human form, Mithras to wield the sun chariot, Christ to Heaven. The following summarizes the aspects of Mithraism that are also found in Christianity. Mithras, the sun-god, was born of a virgin in a cave on December 25, and worshipped on Sunday, the day of the conquering sun. He was a savior-god who rivaled Jesus in popularity. He died and was resurrected in order to become a messenger god, an intermediary between man and the good god of light, and the leader of the forces of righteousness against the dark forces of the god evil.- Pagan Origins of Christmas Update: 12/23/09 See: Mithraism Aurelian, Constantine, and Sol in Late Antiquity *On G. Wissowas (1912, 367) contention that the festival was instituted by Aurelian, cf. Wallraff 2001, 176-7 n. 12; Salzman 1990, 151 n. 106; Heim 1999, 643 with refs. There is no explicit evidence stating that the feast of December 25th was instituted by Aurelian. In fact the calendar of 354, supplemented by Julians hymn to Helios, is our only conclusive evidence for an official feast day in honour of Sol on that day. On the evidence currently available we cannot exclude the possibility that, for instance, the 30 chariot races held in honor of Sol on December 25th were instituted in reaction to the Christian claim of December 25th as the birthday of Christ. In general, the extent to which late pagan festivals copied, incorporated, or responded to Christian practices, elements, and dates deserves far more attention than it has received; cf. Bowersock 1990, 26-7, 44-53. For more on the virgin (or other) birth of Mithras, see: The Miraculous Birth of Mithras, by M. J. Vermaseren Mnemosyne, Fourth Series, Vol. 4, Fasc. 3/4 (1951), pp. 285-301 For more on modern biographies of Mithras, see: Merkelbachs Mithras, by Roger Beck. Phoenix, Vol. 41, No. 3 (Autumn, 1987), pp. 296-316 *On the Antiquity of Vedic CultureHermann OldenbergThe Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, (Oct., 1909), pp. 1095-1100 **On Mithras Part in ZoroastrianismMary BoyceBulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 32, No. 1 (1969), pp. 10-34andZoroastrian Survivals in Iranian FolkloreR. C. ZaehnerIran, Vol. 3, (1965), pp. 87-96

Oil drilling on federal land Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Oil drilling on federal land - Research Paper Example The United States ranks first in natural gas production and third in oil production owing to increased domestic exploration, which poses uncertainty considering that the country holds about 4% of the world natural gas and oil reserves (The Wilderness Society 1). The proponents of onshore exploration justify their actions as those of seeking energy security by making use of the country’s mineral reserves. As such, millions of acres of federal lands have been leased to oil and gas companies accounting for thousands of wells drilled every year. It is for the alarming rate of this endeavor that has attracted significant scrutiny from citizens, stakeholders, and government officials calling for regulation. This follows risks involved in exploration procedures and consequent fallout effects that range from environmental effects to human health. Therefore, it is important to examine the benefits and detriments of onshore drilling with aim of evaluating its sustainability in the long term. Equally important is examination of the resolve that seeks to open federal lands and waters for oil and gas exploration. The move to enhance the use of federal lands and waters to oil and gas exploration has its benefits to the country’s energy economics. ... With this in mind, it is important that a quick resolution to mitigate negative impacts to the economy is formulated and implemented to the letter. Leasing of federal land to oil and gas companies is seen as the best move to ensure economic stability in the country. This gives the oil industry a chance to participate effectively in domestic energy production and limit uncertainty. This is achieved though exploration of the natural resources, which is vital the country’s energy and economic security (Alleman 2). With exploration on federal lands and waters, the country becomes independent and does not rely on the foreign oil market for its energy. The potential of the US oil reserves remains unknown following restrictive federal policy on onshore drilling, and thus limits the chances of gaining energy independence. Such independence would guarantee a low cost of living owing to a significant drop in the cost of energy. Domestic onshore drilling also serves to benefit the societ y with regard to providing employment opportunities in various capacities ranging from primary to tertiary jobs. Drilling premises require specialized technicians, scientists, and laborers in addition to essential supporting services such as health, hospitality, and transport. This is an important aspect of the regional economy as leased federal areas benefiting from exploration activities (SWCA Environmental Consultants 4). This has been demonstrated by the state of affairs in western states where authorization has been approved. With the approval of the resolve to free up federal land, affected regions should expect a surge in the demand for skilled labor. In essence, the expansion of the energy production into

Victors Dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Victors Dilemma - Essay Example Taking into account the risks involved in the first two options, the probability of earning money by choosing any of the two changes. In the Figure 1, the three options are substantially evaluated in terms of the probability of each and the payouts each option entails. If Victor chooses to sue the motorist, there is an equal chance of him to win or to lose. However, this option will cost him a flat fee of $500. Losing the case will cost him nothing but the $500 fee for suing. The option of threatening to sue automatically costs Victor $100 for the letter. Further decisions will depend on the motorist's reaction. If the motorist offers a settlement offer of $1000, this means that there is a higher chance of him winning the case if he chooses to sue. This is represented by a 60/40 probability in the figure. If the motorist ignores the letter, it implies that Victor's chance of losing the case if he wishes to pursue the case in the court decreases. He may to ignore the case as well. This leads him to doing the third option which is doing nothing. Doing nothing after threatening to sue costs him $100 for the letter. Y et, if he chooses the third option without sending any letter, it would not cost him anything. It even gives him peace, which is valued as $100. Figure 2 shows the estimated value of each option.

Explore The Relative Advantages Of Both Market Driven Marketing Essay

Explore The Relative Advantages Of Both Market Driven Marketing Essay In marketing research and literature, debate has been surrounding two approaches of market orientation that firms could adopt: market-driven and market-driving. Some argue that market-driving behavior is superior to market-driven behavior in creating customer values that contribute to growth and profitability, such as IKEA, Dell and Southwest Airlines, to name a few. (eg. Kotler et al., 2000) On the other hand, majority of authors stresses that these two behaviors are complementary. (e.g. Jaworski et al., 2000; Sheth and Sisodia, 1999) Such controversy leaves open questions to practitioners: Which is the winning approach for the firms to adopt? Should these two the competing approaches or complement each other? This essay begins with an introduction of market orientation, along with the market-driven and market-driving behavior. The next section will explore the relative advantages of these two behaviors from the marketing perspective and then to draw a conclusion to suggest that these two behaviors are complementing each other of which both play important roles in generating sustainable competitive advantage in todays dynamics business environment. Overview of Market Orientation Since late 1980s, significant amount of research in marketing suggesting that market orientation is the most effective strategy of achieving and maintaining long term competitive advantage and continue to stress its importance to the firms superior profitability. (e.g., Day, 1994b; Jaworski et al., 2000; Kohli Jaworski, 1990; Kotler et al., 2000; Narver and Slater 1990) Jaworski and Kohli (1996) defined market orientation as the organization wide generation of market intelligence pertaining to current and future customer needs, dissemination of the intelligence across departments, and organization-wide responsiveness to it. (see figure 1) On the other hand, Narver and Slater (1990) defined market orientation as an organization culture committed to the continuous creation of superior value for the customers and thus, continuous superior performance for the business. Narver and Slater (1990) classified the market orientation into responsive and proactive. The responsive approach, a typical response of a firm that exhibits a market driven behavior, is customer led, considering the market structure and customer preferences as given and focusing on the satisfaction of expressed customer needs. In contrast, the proactive market orientation, a typical response of market-driving firm, aims towards the satisfaction of latent needs, reshaping the customer preferences and market structure to enhance the competitive position of the company. (see figure 1) Figure Market Orientation Process (Neuenburg, 2010, p.49) Figure 2 below provides a framework adopted from Neuenburg (2010), which shows the whole spectrum of market-oriented behaviors that summarizes the discussion above. Figure 2 Marketing driven behavior vs market driving behavior (Neuenburg, 2010, p.46) In a nutshell, although there are differences in the precise definition, the market orientation is a fundamental approach for a firm to understand its markets, which represent an additional strategic dimension (Narver and Slater, 1998) and the implementation of the marketing concept (Jaworski and Kohli, 1990) that focuses the firms efforts on the needs of the market, learn about market developments, share this information within the organization and adapt the offering to the market. (Jaworski and Kohli, 1990) The Market Driven and Its Advantages Figure Conceptual Framework: Two Forms of Market Orientation (Jaworski et al., 2000, p.130) According to Jaworski et al. (2000), the term market-driven refers to learning, understanding, and responding to stakeholder perceptions and behaviors within a given market structure. (see figure 3) Specifically, the focus of a market-driven approach is to keep the status quo on existing customer preferences and behavior within an existing market structure. (Day, 1999a; Day, 1999b; Jaworski et al., 2000) The key element of market-driven behavior is to monitor customer satisfaction and analyzing customer needs, finding competitive advantage and strategic targeting. (Cravens and Shipp, 1991) Monitoring customer satisfaction allows firms to get an early indication about changing customer needs and preferences and the identification of future customer needs. Analyzing these needs helps the firms to prevent bad decisions or overlooking important parts of the customer value proposition as well as identifying its current or potential competitive advantage. (Cravens and Shipp, 1991) Firms gain advantage by matching the requirements of market segments with its capabilities to identify the best opportunities to serve its customers. (Cravens and Shipp, 1991) As markets become more fragmented the decision about which segments to target becomes increasingly important because each segment represents its own specific needs. (Neuenburg, 2010) Understanding of Markets, Customers, and Competitors Successful companies like Nestle, Procter Gamble, and Unilever are market-driven which reflects the conventional wisdom of marketing philosophy wherein they establish a clear understanding of markets, customers, and competitors. (Day, 1994b) Market-driven firms gain advantage to have good understanding of the market and how it is likely to change in the future. Furthermore, they hear the voice of the customers and develop differentiated products or services for a well-defined segment and then create combinations of marketing mix to adapt its offerings to satisfy customer needs. (Hills and Sarin, 2003; Kotler et al., 2000) As Day (1994b) argues, market-driven organizations are superior in their market-sensing and customer-linking capabilities, which enable them to understand, attract, and keep valuable customers. (Day, 1999a) When these two capabilities are deeply embedded within the organization, all functional activities and organizational processes will be better directed toward a nticipating and responding to changing market requirements ahead of competitors. (Day, 1994b) Therefore, market-driven firms are well equipped to achieve high levels of performance (Day, 1994b) and are expected to be more adaptable and perform better than less market-driven competitors because they stay in touch with existing and potential customer needs and competitor moves better than more internally focused firms. (Day, 1990) They are also predicted to be better and more successful at introducing new products to the market than their competitors. (Narver and Slater ,1990) They may not be the most innovative firm in their industry but, they will excel at adapting technologies to meet current and future customer needs. Thus, they often exhibit the adaptive characteristics of the Analyzer organization. (Miles and Snow 1978) Home Depot and Cisco Systems represent two examples of firm successfully adopting market-driven strategy of which their business focuses on putting customers first and sees themselves engage in the relationship business, not the transaction business. They strive to provide superior customer value through unprecedented customer service to increase customer satisfaction. This is how Home Deport leads with home improvement mega-stores by offering low prices and low frills but excellent services. IBM, on the other hand, failed to recognize market changes and customer preferences for personal computers which had resulted with a record loss for the fourth quarter of 1992 of $5 billion. IBM set a record for the largest annual loss in an American corporation in 1992 with a loss of $4.97 billion. Brand Portfolios as Assets In term of brand, companies with strong brands have more loyal customers, get greater return on marketing investments and are rewarded with attractive price premiums. As such, market-driven firms view their brand portfolios as assets to be leveraged and market development activities as investments rather than expenses. (Day, 1998) According to Day (1998), to manage a brand as an asset requires the deep market insights, organizational commitment and reasoned investment decisions that come naturally to market-driven firms. Moreover, the focus on long-run return from marketing investments enables market-driven firms to understand which customers are profitable to pursue, and knowing how to encourage loyalty by reducing customer acquisition costs. (Day, 1998) Creation of Permanent Value of the Existing Products or Services As quoted from Stoclhorst and Van Raaij (2004), customers do not always strive towards new and technologically superior products or services, but towards permanent value of the existing products or services so that the competition would find it hard to imitate. Hence, it is possible for market-driven firms to become irreplaceable for customers if the firms put serious focus on customers attempts constantly to offer something that are better and faster than the competitors and make the accessibility to the products and services easier. Importantly, there is support from research findings (Stull et al., 2007) validating that market-driven companies are 31% more profitable, twice as fast to bring products to market, twice as likely to lead, and enjoy 20% higher customer satisfaction rates. Furthermore, empirical results of another study (Vorhies et al., 1999) demonstrated that, the 43 market-driven firms outperformed the 44 less market-driven firms across adaptability, customer satisfaction, growth, and profitability dimensions. This finding supports the marketing literature about the capabilities of market-driven firms (Day, 1994; Day and Wensley 1988) and extends the findings on empirical research of market orientation. (e.g Jaworski et al.,1993; Narver Slater 1994) The Market Driving and Its Advantages Figure Conceptual Framework: Two Forms of Market Orientation (Jaworski, Kohli, and Sahay 2000, p.46) The term market-driving refers to changing the structure or composition of a market and/or the behavior(s) of players in the market. (Jaworski, et al., 2000) (see figure 4) It matches a proactive business logic that enhances the competitive position of the business (Tuominen et al., 2004) of which it involves the shaping of the market structure via deconstruction (eliminating competitors in the value chain), construction (adding players into the industry value chain) or a functional modification (shifting the functions performed by players in a market), and the shaping of market behavior by creating or reversing new customers or competitors preferences. (Carrillat et al., 2004; Jaworski, et al., 2000) Schindehutte et al. (2008) presented a different view of market-driving construct clarifying that it is an entrepreneurial phenomenon. They argue that the interface between the entrepreneurship and marketing offers a unique perspective on the market related decisions of firms and the observed impact of these decisions in achieving sustainable competitive advantage. Schindehutte et al. (2008) further argued that the market-driving behavior reflects a strong entrepreneurial orientation (EO). It has both the dynamic advantage that creates capability and a disruptive advantage that destroys the performance outcome. (Schindehutte et al., 2008) Despite the many different views on the notion of market-driving behavior, it has appeared as an alternative to market-driven strategy which has been recognized as a successful strategy for a number of established firms such as Amazon.com, BodyShop, CNN, IKEA and Dell, all of which has a clear brand image, a strong market position, and exhibit sustainable international business growth whereby success is based on radical business innovation, ventured into new markets, revolutionized existing industries by changing rules of the game. (Kotler et al., 2000) Kotler et al. (2000) indicate that the success of market-driving firms is based on two dimensions of radical innovation a discontinuous leap in the value proposition and the implementation of a unique business system (see Figure 5 and 6). Kotler et al. (2000) define value proposition as the combination of benefits, acquisition efforts/costs, and price offered to customers. While, unique business system refers to the configuration of the various activities required to create, produce, and deliver the value proposition to the customer. Figure Types of Strategic Innovation (Kumar et al., 2000, p.130) Figure Leap in Customer Value (Kumar et al., 2000, p.130) Therefore, the market-driving advocates argued that the market-driving firms gain more viable competitive advantage with greater performance and reap vast rewards than those that are not in a number of ways. Delivering Superior Value Kotler et al., (2000) suggested that the leap in customer value involve either breakthrough technology or breakthrough marketing enables firms to create a product and service experience that overwhelms customer expectations and existing alternatives. (Kotler et al., 2000) For example, FedEx constantly led its customers to ever higher expectations for quick delivery times, leaving competitors struggling to meet the spiraling demands. (Kotler et al., 2000) According to Carrillat et al. (2004), successful market-driving firms deliver superior value that best matches with their capabilities and by exploiting the competitors weaknesses. It also allows firms to exploit opportunities that competitors cannot (Hamel and Prahalad, 1994) and that includes addressing the deep-seated, latent or emerging customer needs. (Kotler et al., 2000) The study results in the paper of Market-driving in retail banking (Martà ­n-Consuegra et al., 2008) revealed that the two characteristics of market-driving: driving the market structure and shaping the market behavior if combined together contribute positively to overall performance of retail banks, particularly in terms of enabling them to satisfy their customers latent and expressed needs better. (Martà ­n-Consuegra et al., 2008) This study further suggested that bank-marketing managers should emphasize customer understanding in pursuing proactive market orientation, which will lead to improved performance. Market-driving behavior also enables firms to benefit from free advertising via buzz network through strong brand attachment. Customers are delighted by the leap in customer value of the offerings and are excited to share their customer experience with friends and public. Traditional printed media and online social media are often publicizing the review on radical new innovation. While early adopters and opinion leaders who are enthusiastic and committed to new innovation products and services has the influential power to generate excitement and emotional attachment among their followers. Consequently, The advertising-to-sales ratio is often less than that of their established competitors. (Kotler et al., 2000). Nike is one of the examples provided by Kotler et al. (2000) Nike didnt run a single national television ad until they had 1 billion dollars in sales. Phil Knight observes they instead used word-of-foot advertising by getting the best athletes to wear their products. Further more, study of Tuominen et al. (2004) revealed that market-driving behavior contribute to higher customer intimacy and is associated with generative (explorative) learning. On top of that, market-driving firms gain the advantage to establish new industry price points for the quality or service levels they deliver, either towards higher performance at lower price points or to charge a price premium that is higher than typical in an industry. Firms like Swatch and Southwest Airlines set the prices much lower than their competitors for similar products and services. (Kotler et al., 2000) For example, Southwest Airlines charged $15.00 for a trip from Dallas to San Antonio when Braniff, the next most inexpensive competitor, was charging $62.00. (Kotler et al., 2000) Such significant price gap and low price policy has successfully attracted many of the ground transportation users to choose Southwest Airlines. Their focus to compete on the ground transportation enable them to create new business opportunities in a market segment that has been ignored by their competitors. (Kotler et al., 2000). On the other hand, CNN, Starbucks, and FedEx are those market-driv ing firms that have a value proposition that is significantly more compelling than the existing alternatives, which enables them to set prices considerably higher than the standard in the industry. (Kotler et al., 2000) Implementation of Unique Business System According to Kotler et al. (2000), the success of IKEA and Dell is not only by just delivering discontinuous leap in customer value but also is attributed to the implementation of unique and radical business system which is hard to imitate by their competitors. Kotler et al. (2000) argued that such business system creates a more sustainable advantage, as it takes time for a would-be competitor to assemble the intra-organizational and inter-organizational players needed to replicate that unique system architecture. In term of distribution and channel management, market-driving firms focus a wide range of innovative practices within their industries. For example, Southwest Airlines handles its own ticketing instead of make seats available through the standard industry computerized reservation systems such as Sabre and Apollo. As a result, only 55 per cent of its tickets are sold through travel agents compared to 90 per cent for the industry, adding up to substantial savings on travel agents commissions. (Kotler et al., 2000) Reshaping the Customer Preferences and Market Structure Market-driving firm could lead customer value opportunities in new directions to achieve superior business performance by destroying the existing market segmentation and replacing it with a new set of segments reflecting the new altered landscape. (Kotler et al., 2000) For example, Southwest Airlines destroyed the market segmentation between ground transportation and airlines, attracting many ground transportation user who would not otherwise traveled by air. Jaworski, et al. (2000) suggested that firms could shape the market behavior directly or indirectly. One of the indirect options is by changing the existing preferences of customers or other stakeholders from a positive (negative) to a negative (positive) evaluation (Jaworski, et al., 2000). Examples of products that were formerly negative but are now positive are Skoda in automotive industry and Adidas in fashion and accessory industry. (Jaworski, et al., 2000) The proactive behavior of market-driving firms would also contribute to more innovative products and services, and more new product success (Narver et al., 2004) that enable firms to pioneer new markets, which would eventually lead to market ownership. In the case study about De Beers in China, Harris and Cai (2002) explored the advantage of market-driving behavior in practice and incurred, as cited from Neuenburg, (2010), firms gain significant market control in environments where markets are immature and product preferences are not yet formed. Conclusion Clearly, each of the market-driven and market-driving behavior has its own advantages and the notion of these two is highly relevant for business marketers (Tuominen et al., 2004). It is suggested that firms should well aware of the business logic they are applying (e.g. proactive or reactive) then it should be a match with the type of market orientation they emphasized. That is, according to Tuominen et al. (2004), the implementation of the specific strategic logic presumes matching marketing capabilities and learning capability. However, to sustain success in the long run, Sheth and Sisodia (1999) provided a more convincing argument, that firms need to be market-driven and market-driving simultaneously. Jaworski et al. (2000) echo such argument and proposed that truly market-oriented firms combine both behaviors of which these two are complementary. In other words, firms should devote effort in market-driven activities, such as incremental innovation and traditional market research. Nevertheless, firms should also continue to search for their next radical business innovation to drive them into new competitive position or the market leader risks being leap-frogged and deposed by upstart market drivers. (Neuenburg, 2010)

Promoting Healthy Eating Habits in Second Graders Essay

This paper is geared toward promoting education of healthy eating habits of second grade students. According to Blais and Hayes, â€Å"Healthy People 2010 define Health Promotion as individual and community activities to promote healthful lifestyles. These healthful lifestyles include the improvement of nutrition in America† (p.120). The Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), an organization of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, has provided the necessary tools to help guide and promote healthy eating habits through conducting research and evidence based analysis in nutrition. USDA Food Guidance System known as MyPlate, MyPyramid, or the Food Guide Pyramid are used to educate the public and offer information on the recommended nutritional guides on weight management, caloric intake, physical activity, and health tips for specific ages and health conditions. The Dietary Guidelines of Americans 2010 have set guidelines used to promote healthy eating to the American people of all cultures, traditions and socioeconomic background. These guidelines encourage the consumption of nutritional foods, which include fresh vegetable and fruit, whole grains, fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products, a variety of protein rich foods, which include lean meats, seafood, nuts and legumes (p.46). The emphasis of these principles will be used towards the promotion of health through the development, implementation and evaluation of a teaching plan on healthy eating habits to second graders, between the ages of 7-9 in a their classroom setting using the MyPlate educational teaching tools. Assessment of Learning Needs The second grade learning group consisted of fourteen children ages 7-9. An interactive class activity was presented using different items which  consisted of each food group using the MyPlate teaching concept. The children were asked to identify the food item they preferred unhealthy versus the healthy choice. The children’s knowledge on making healthy food choices was assessed at this time. It was assessed that 72% of the children preferred the food item that was unhealthy, while 28% made healthier selections. Although some of the children made healthy choices the majority of the group made unhealthy food selections. Prior to presenting the teaching plan the teacher reviewed the material to assure it would be understood by the second graders. Their developmental level was confirmed to be within the second grader learning ability in communication and understanding. None of the children required special learning needs. Two of the children wore corrective lenses, which did not inhibit their ability to participate in the activity. Cultural consideration was assessed by asking the children their race and the different kinds of food that is cooked at home. Two children were multicultural of Hispanic origin and specific food items commonly eaten at home were placed into its specific food group. The second graders first language was English. None of the children expressed specific spiritual practices as pertaining to eating habits or customs. The second graders preferred an interactive learning style which included: demonstration, answering and asking questions, and coloring activity. The second graders were enthusiastic and expressed eagerness to learn and share the information with their parents. The overall health status of the second graders was good. There were a few that expressed having allergies or respiratory problems. Learner Objectives The learning objectives for the promotion of healthy eating plan are as follows: A. Affective Domain: The students are willing to actively participate by listening and responding to the instructor’s presentation on healthy eating habits and engage in group activity. B. Cognitive Domain: Each student will be able to choose three healthy food items specific for each of the five food groups and describe three ways healthy eating nourishes the body and benefits of staying physically active. C. Psychomotor Domain: The students will select and identify the food item that is more beneficial for their health with given activity. Teaching Plan The teaching plan to be implemented includes the following presentation, which incorporates the current lunch menu offered to the students in school: A. MyPlate five food group and drink option was presented and the students are asked to choose which food item is eaten daily unhealthy versus healthy items included: 1. Fruit group: Selection of fresh fruit (banana, apple, orange strawberries, etc.) or a fruit cup 2. Grain group: Selection of French fries, potato chips, baked potato or wheat or white bread sandwich 3. Vegetable group: Selection of fresh carrots, salad, celery or canned carrots, corn 4. Protein group: Selection of fried chicken nuggets or baked chicken nuggets, burger or subway sandwich 5. Dairy group: Selection of whole milk or low fat milk, cheese or yogurt 6. Drinks: Water, Capri Sun or Juice box Each individual student will be encouraged to participate and other specific items not listed will be placed in the classified food group in order to address all individual needs. B. MyPlate nutritional guidelines reviewed with the students and open questions answered. 1. The School Day just got Healthier article discussion of the 10 tips for Nutrition Education Series includes awareness of healthier school meals for children, inclusion of more fruits and vegetables daily, along with whole-grain rich foods. The offering of a variety of low fat and fat free milk, reducing saturated fats and salt, increase in water intake. Meeting caloric needs through portion sizes, development of wellness programs, making better food choices and resources available to parents. 2. Emphasis on each food group with interactive group participation to name at least three healthy food items of choice 3. Name how healthy eating benefits the brain, heart and digestion, along with getting at least 60 minutes of exercise daily. C. Students will identify or select the healthier food items offered introduced at the beginning of presentation. 1. Choose MyPlate coloring activity will allow for a visual picture to reinforce the five food groups in a simple manner. 2. Draw three healthy food items on their MyPlate activity sheet. 3. Reinforce healthy eating habits with a take home pamphlet for the parents that describe 10 tips for healthy snacking. Evaluation of Teaching and Learning Evaluation of teaching and learning strategies were accurate, clear and appropriate for the second grade students. The teaching plan was simple and interactive to meet each individual learning need. The health promotion plan and activity outlined can be followed to teach other second grade students the importance of healthy eating habits using the free resources and information available on the website Choosemyplate.gov MyPlate Kid’s Place. The evaluation of learner objectives was measured by having the students re-evaluate their previous food item choice and compare it to the healthier food item. The scores were significantly higher were 92% the students identified and selected healthier food items listed. Open class discussion was used to determine if the teaching strategies used were appropriate for the students. The students expressed understanding and enjoying the class, the activities used and having a parent teaching the class. Positive feedback was given by the teacher present and students. The students were comfortable in their classroom setting, which is the appropriate environment for learning. The health promotion event was successful and effective in educating second grade students on healthy eating habits. The students expressed eagerness to share the resource pamphlet with their parents. The information shared would have been more effective and beneficial if the second graders parents were present, but studies show that second graders are influential in assisting parents make healthy eating choices for them with the information they learn. References Blais, K. K., & Hayes, J. S. (2011). Professional nursing practice: concepts and perspectives (6th ed.), New Jersey: Pearson U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010. 7th Edition, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, December 2010 Jacksonville University College of Health Sciences (2012). School of nursing mission. Retrieved March 25, 2014 from http://www.ju.edu/COHS/Pages/School-of-Nursing-Mission.aspx Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Office of the Secretary, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, May 2014. Retrieved from http://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2010/DietaryGuidelines2010.pdf U.S. Department of Agriculture. ChooseMyPlate.gov Website. Washington, DC. Color Sheet. Retrieved April 18, 2014 from http://www.choosemyplate.gov/kids/downloads/ColoringSheet.pdf U.S. Department of Agriculture. ChooseMyPlate.gov Website. Washington, DC. School Day Just Got Healthier. Retrieved April 18, 2014 from http://www.choosemyplate.gov/foodgroups/downloads/TenTips/DGTipsheet21SchoolDayJustGotHealthier.pdf

Bald Eagle Mini Research Paper - 1255 Words

The bald eagle—a symbol of America. But what is it and where did it come from? The bald eagle has been the official bird of America since 1782 when it was chosen due to its majestic beauty, great strength, long life, and because it being native to North America. Full-grown Bald Eagles have wingspans up to seven feet. They fly up to 30 miles an hour and can dive at 100 miles an hour! Eagles feed primarily on fish, supplemented by waterfowl, and carrion. The Eagle is one of the biggest and the strongest and what could possibly be more American than that! The adult bald eagle is a striking dark brownish black bird with a white head and tail. Juvenile birds are a mottled brown with white blotches. They do not obtain the full distinctive†¦show more content†¦They are shrieking for Freedom, said a patriot. Congress liked the drawing, so before the end of 1782, an eagle holding a bundle of arrows in one talon and an olive branch in the other was accepted as the seal.The imag e was completed with a shield of red and white stripes covering the breast of the bird; a crest above the eagles head, with a cluster of 13 stars surrounded by bright rays going out to a ring of clouds; and a banner, held by the eagle in its bill, bearing the words E pluribus unum. Yet it was not until 1787 that the American bald eagle was officially adopted as the emblem of the United States. The official adoption happened only after many states had already used the eagle in their coats of arm, as New York State did in 1778. Though the official seal has undergone some modifications in the last 200 years, the basic design is the same. (Bald Eagle - National Wildlife Federation) In 1782 there were approximately 40,000 bald eagles in the United States, but farmers consideredShow MoreRelatedCase Studies67624 Words   |  271 Pagesexperience can help you to make a more informed career decision about the industry and managerial situation you believe will prove to be challenging and sat isfying. Finally, experience in analysing cases definitely enhances your problemsolving skills, and research indicates that the case method for this class is better than the lecture method.5 Furthermore, when your instructor requires oral and written presentations, your communication skills will be honed through use of the case method. Of course, theseRead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 Pagesmuch as Thomas. His hair was a dark red colour from a botched dying job. Both of them had rather pale skin. Yeah, Lucas replied with enthusiasm. Just like the supplier said, they are completely authentic. They are also sharpened. Let a piece of paper fall on it and it will split into two. Have you tested to see how tough it is at cutting solid objects yet? Costing a few thousand for each sword, I rather not. It was hard enough to get these blades. You have to be a very good friend with

Understanding Phosphorous, Boron and Other Semiconductor Materials

Introducing Phosphorous The process of doping introduces an atom of another element into the silicon crystal to alter its electrical properties. The dopant has either three or five valence electrons, as opposed to silicons four. Phosphorus atoms, which have five valence electrons, are used for doping n-type silicon (phosphorous provides its fifth, free, electron). A phosphorus atom occupies the same place in the crystal lattice that was occupied formerly by the silicon atom it replaced. Four of its valence electrons take over the bonding responsibilities of the four silicon valence electrons that they replaced. But the fifth valence electron remains free, without bonding responsibilities. When numerous phosphorus atoms are substituted for silicon in a crystal, many free electrons become available. Substituting a phosphorus atom (with five valence electrons) for a silicon atom in a silicon crystal leaves an extra, unbonded electron that is relatively free to move around the crystal. The most common method of doping is to coat the top of a layer of silicon with phosphorus and then heat the surface. This allows the phosphorus atoms to diffuse into the silicon. The temperature is then lowered so that the rate of diffusion drops to zero. Other methods of introducing phosphorus into silicon include gaseous diffusion, a liquid dopant spray-on process, and a technique in which phosphorus ions are driven precisely into the surface of the silicon. Introducing Boron   Of course, n-type silicon cannot form the electric field by itself; its also necessary to have some silicon altered to have the opposite electrical properties. So it’s boron, which has three valence electrons, that’s used for doping p-type silicon. Boron is introduced during silicon processing, where silicon is purified for use in PV devices. When a boron atom assumes a position in the crystal lattice formerly occupied by a silicon atom, there is a bond missing an electron (in other words, an extra hole). Substituting a boron atom (with three valence electrons) for a silicon atom in a silicon crystal leaves a hole (a bond missing an electron) that is relatively free to move around the crystal. Other semiconductor materials. Like silicon, all PV materials must be made into p-type and n-type configurations to create the necessary electric field that characterizes a PV cell. But this is done a number of different ways depending on the characteristics of the material. For example, amorphous silicons unique structure makes an intrinsic layer or â€Å"i layer† necessary. This undoped layer of amorphous silicon fits between the n-type and p-type layers to form what is called a p-i-n design. Polycrystalline thin films like copper indium diselenide (CuInSe2) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) show great promise for PV cells. But these materials cant be simply doped to form n and p layers. Instead, layers of different materials are used to form these layers. For example, a window layer of cadmium sulfide or another similar material is used to provide the extra electrons necessary to make it n-type. CuInSe2 can itself be made p-type, whereas CdTe benefits from a p-type layer made from a material like zinc telluride (ZnTe). Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is similarly modified, usually with indium, phosphorous, or aluminum, to produce a wide range of n- and p-type materials.